Capital Structure Basics

Most development projects use a combination of debt and equity. Understanding your options maximizes returns.

Debt Financing

Construction Loans

Short-term loans that fund construction. Typically:

  • 60-80% loan-to-cost
  • Interest-only during construction
  • Floating rates
  • 12-36 month terms

Bridge Loans

Short-term financing for acquisitions or to bridge between construction and permanent financing.

Permanent Financing

Long-term mortgages for stabilized assets. Used to pay off construction loans.

Equity Sources

  • Developer equity (typically 10-30%)
  • Private equity investors
  • Family offices
  • Institutional investors

Alternative Structures

  • Joint ventures with landowners
  • Ground leases
  • Mezzanine financing
  • Preferred equity

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